home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Ian & Stuart's Australian Mac: Not for Sale
/
Another.not.for.sale (Australia).iso
/
hold me in your arms
/
Mike Davis⁄Ecology of Fear
/
Neighbors
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-10-02
|
6KB
|
114 lines
Prev: The Half-Moons of Repression Up: Contents Next: Mini-Citadels
and Geroncrats
_________________________________________________________________
5. The Neighbors are Watching
An anxious delegation of police officials from the ex-DDR recently
contacted the L.A. Police Department. The former East Germans, faced
with a massive upsurge in crime and ethnic violence following
Westernization, desperately wanted to find out more about Los Angeles'
most celebrated law enforcement personality. But they were not
enquiring about Chief Willie Williams or his predecessor Daryl Gates.
Rather they wanted to know more about "Bruno the Burglar," the
felonious cartoon in a mask, who appears on countless signs that
proclaim the borders of a "Neighborhood Watch" area.
The Neighborhood Watch program, comprising more than 5,500
crime-surveillance block clubs from San Pedro to Sylmar, is the LAPD's
most important innovation in urban policing. Throughout what Burgess
called the "Zone of Workingmen's Homes," which in Los Angeles
comprises the owner-occupied neighborhoods of the central city as well
as older blue-collar suburbs in the San Fernando and San Gabriel
valleys, a huge network of watchful neighbors provides a security
system that is midway between the besieged, gun-toting anomie of the
inner ring and the private police forces of more affluent, gated
suburbs.
Neighborhood Watch, now emulated by hundreds of North American and
even European cities, from Rosemead to London, was the brainchild of
former police chief Ed Davis. In the aftermath of the 1965-71 cycle of
unrest in Southcentral and East L.A., Davis envisioned the program as
the anchor of a larger "Basic Car" strategy designed to rebuild
community support for the LAPD by establishing a territorial identity
between patrol units and neighborhoods. Although Daryl Gates preferred
SWAT teams (his invention) to Basic Cars, Neighborhood Watch continued
to grow throughout the 1980s.
According to LAPD spokesperson Sgt. Christopher West,
Neighborhood Watch block clubs are intended to increase local
solidarity and self-confidence in the face of crime. Spurred by
their block captains, neighbors become more vigilant in the
protection of each other's property and well-being. Suspicious
behavior is immediately reported and home-owners meet regularly with
patrol officers to plan crime prevention tactics.
An off-duty officer in a Winchell's Donut Shop was more picturesque.
"Neighborhood Watch is supposed to work like a wagon train in an
old-fashioned cowboy movie. The neighbors are the settlers, and the
goal is to get them to circle their wagons and fight off the Indians
until the cavalry -- that is to say, the LAPD -- can ride to their
rescue."
Needless to say, this Wild West analogy has its dark sides. Who, for
example, gets to decide what behavior is "suspicious" or who looks
like an "Indian"? The obvious danger in any program that conscripts
thousands of citizens to become police informers under the official
slogan "Be on the Look Out for Strangers" is that it inevitably
stigmatizes innocent groups. Inner-city teenagers are especially
vulnerable to this flagrant stereotyping and harassment.
As an illustration, let me relate what happened at a recent meeting of
my local Neighborhood Watch group (in the Echo Park area near
Downtown). An elderly white woman asked a young policeman how to
identify hard-core gang youth. His answer was stupefyingly succinct:
"Gangbangers wear expensive athletic shoes and clean, starched
tee-shirts." The old woman nodded her appreciation of this "expert"
advice, while others in the audience squirmed in their seats at the
thought of the well-groomed youth in the neighborhood who would
eventually be stopped and searched because of this idiot stereotype.
Critics also worry that Neighborhood Watch does double-duty as a
captive constituency for partisan politics. As Sergeant West
acknowledged, "block captains are appointed by patrol officers and the
program does obviously tend to attract the most pro-police elements of
the population." These pro-police activists, moreover, tend to be
demographically or culturally unrepresentative of their neighborhoods.
In poor, young Latino areas, Watch captains are frequently elderly,
residual Anglos. In areas where renters are a majority, the pro-police
activists are typically homeowners or landlords. Although official
regulations supposedly keep the Neighborhood Watch apolitical, block
captains are generally regarded as Parker Center's de facto precinct
workers. In 1986, for instance, the police union routinely campaigned
in Neighborhood Watch meetings for the recall of the liberal majority
on the state Supreme Court.
The new "community policing advisory boards" established in the wake
of the Rodney King beating are hardly more independent. Although the
reform commission headed by Warren Christopher criticized the LAPD's
failure to respond to citizen complaints, it failed to provide for
elected advisory boards. As with Neighborhood Watch groups, the board
members serve strictly at the pleasure of local police commanders.
When the Venice advisory board, for example, dared to endorse a Spring
1992 ballot proposal (Proposition F) crafted by the police commission,
but opposed by the police union, they were simply fired by the captain
in charge of the Pacific Division. The timorous police commissioners
then refused to intervene on behalf of their own supporters.
Although the rhetoric resounds with pioneer values lifted out of a
John Ford Western, the actual practices of the Neighborhood Watch and
Community Policing programs more often evoke the models of (ex)East
Germany or South Korea, where police informers on every block
scrutinize their neighbors and watch for suspicious strangers.
_________________________________________________________________
Prev: The Half-Moons of Repression Up: Contents Next: Mini-Citadels
and Geroncrats